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Option Description All All directives in.htaccess are allowed to override earlier configuration settings. None No directive in.htaccess is allowed to override earlier configuration settings. AuthConfig Allows the use of authorization directives such as AuthName, AuthType, or Require. FileInfo Allows the use of file type, metadata, and mod_rewrite directives such as DefaultType, RequestHeader, or RewriteEngine, as well as the Action directive. Indexes Allows the use of directory indexing directives such as AddDescription, AddIcon, or FancyIndexing. Limit Allows the use of host access directives, that is, Allow, Deny, and Order. Options [ = option,] Allows the use of the Options directive.

Additionally, you can provide a comma-separated list of options to customize which options can be set using this directive. Option Description Charset= encoding Specifies the character set of a generated web page. The encoding has to be a valid character set such as UTF-8 or ISO-8859-2. Type= content-type Specifies the media type of a generated web page. The content-type has to be a valid MIME type such as text/html or text/plain. DescriptionWidth= value Specifies the width of the description column. The value can be either a number of characters, or an asterisk (that is, *) to adjust the width automatically.

FancyIndexing Enables advanced features such as different icons for certain files or possibility to re-sort a directory listing by clicking on a column header. FolderFirst Enables listing directories first, always placing them above files. HTMLTable Enables the use of HTML tables for directory listings.

IconsAreLinks Enables using the icons as links. IconHeight= value Specifies an icon height.

The value is a number of pixels. IconWidth= value Specifies an icon width. The value is a number of pixels. IgnoreCase Enables sorting files and directories in a case-sensitive manner. IgnoreClient Disables accepting query variables from a client. NameWidth= value Specifies the width of the file name column. The value can be either a number of characters, or an asterisk (that is, *) to adjust the width automatically.

ScanHTMLTitles Enables parsing the file for a description (that is, the title element) in case it is not provided by the AddDescription directive. ShowForbidden Enables listing the files with otherwise restricted access. SuppressColumnSorting Disables re-sorting a directory listing by clicking on a column header. SuppressDescription Disables reserving a space for file descriptions. SuppressHTMLPreamble Disables the use of standard HTML preamble when a file specified by the HeaderName directive is present. SuppressIcon Disables the use of icons in directory listings. SuppressLastModified Disables displaying the date of the last modification field in directory listings.

SuppressRules Disables the use of horizontal lines in directory listings. SuppressSize Disables displaying the file size field in directory listings. TrackModified Enables returning the Last-Modified and ETag values in the HTTP header. Ramayanam Story Book In Tamil Pdf Free Download.

VersionSort Enables sorting files that contain a version number in the expected manner. XHTML Enables the use of XHTML 1.0 instead of the default HTML 3.2. Option Description ExecCGI Enables the execution of CGI scripts. FollowSymLinks Enables following symbolic links in the directory.

Includes Enables server-side includes. IncludesNOEXEC Enables server-side includes, but does not allow the execution of commands. Indexes Enables server-generated directory listings. MultiViews Enables content-negotiated “ MultiViews”. SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Enables following symbolic links in the directory when both the link and the target file have the same owner.

All Enables all of the features above with the exception of MultiViews. None Disables all of the features above.

Status Description permanent Indicates that the requested resource has been moved permanently. The 301 (Moved Permanently) status code is returned to a client.

Temp Indicates that the requested resource has been moved only temporarily. The 302 (Found) status code is returned to a client. Seeother Indicates that the requested resource has been replaced. The 303 (See Other) status code is returned to a client. Gone Indicates that the requested resource has been removed permanently. The 410 (Gone) status is returned to a client.

Option Description Prod Includes the product name only (that is, Apache). Major Includes the product name and the major version of the server (for example, 2). Minor Includes the product name and the minor version of the server (for example, 2.2). Min Includes the product name and the minimal version of the server (for example, 2.2.15). OS Includes the product name, the minimal version of the server, and the type of the operating system it is running on (for example, Red Hat). Free Webbie Mixtape Download. Full Includes all the information above along with the list of loaded modules.

Secure Sockets Layer ( SSL) is a cryptographic protocol that allows a server and a client to communicate securely. Along with its extended and improved version called Transport Layer Security ( TLS), it ensures both privacy and data integrity. The Apache HTTP Server in combination with mod_ssl, a module that uses the OpenSSL toolkit to provide the SSL/TLS support, is commonly referred to as the SSL server. Red Hat Enterprise Linux also supports the use of Mozilla NSS as the TLS implementation.

Support for Mozilla NSS is provided by the mod_nss module. Secure communication is based on the use of keys. In conventional or symmetric cryptography, both ends of the transaction have the same key they can use to decode each other's transmissions. On the other hand, in public or asymmetric cryptography, two keys co-exist: a private key that is kept a secret, and a public key that is usually shared with the public.

While the data encoded with the public key can only be decoded with the private key, data encoded with the private key can in turn only be decoded with the public key. By default, most web browsers are configured to trust a set of widely used certificate authorities. Because of this, an appropriate CA should be chosen when setting up a secure server, so that target users can trust the connection, otherwise they will be presented with an error message, and will have to accept the certificate manually. Since encouraging users to override certificate errors can allow an attacker to intercept the connection, you should use a trusted CA whenever possible. For more information on this, see. To disable and enable specific versions of the SSL and TLS protocol, either do it globally by adding the SSLProtocol directive in the “ ## SSL Global Context” section of the configuration file and removing it everywhere else, or edit the default entry under “ # SSL Protocol support” in all “ VirtualHost” sections. If you do not specify it in the per-domain VirtualHost section then it will inherit the settings from the global section.

To make sure that a protocol version is being disabled the administrator should either only specify SSLProtocol in the “ SSL Global Context” section, or specify it in all per-domain VirtualHost sections. ~]# openssl s_client -connect localhost:443 -ssl3 CONNECTED(00000003) 77536:error:14094410:SSL routines:SSL3_READ_BYTES: sslv3 alert handshake failure:s3_pkt.c:1257:SSL alert number 43877536:error:1409E0E5:SSL routines:SSL3_WRITE_BYTES: ssl handshake failure:s3_pkt.c:596: output omitted New, (NONE), Cipher is (NONE) Secure Renegotiation IS NOT supported Compression: NONE Expansion: NONE SSL-Session: Protocol: SSLv3 output truncated The above output indicates that the handshake failed and therefore no cipher was negotiated. ~]$ openssl s_client -connect localhost:443 -tls1_2 CONNECTED(00000003) depth=0 C = --, ST = SomeState, L = SomeCity, O = SomeOrganization, OU = SomeOrganizationalUnit, CN = localhost.localdomain, emailAddress = root@localhost.localdomain output omitted New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 Server public key is 2048 bit Secure Renegotiation IS supported Compression: NONE Expansion: NONE SSL-Session: Protocol: TLSv1.2 output truncated The above output indicates that no failure of the handshake occurred and a set of ciphers was negotiated. Everything in NSS is associated with a “ token”. The software token exists in the NSS database but you can also have a physical token containing certificates. With OpenSSL, discrete certificates and private keys are held in PEM files. With NSS, these are stored in a database.

Each certificate and key is associated with a token and each token can have a password protecting it. This password is optional, but if a password is used then the Apache HTTP server needs a copy of it in order to open the database without user intervention at system start.

To view the default NSS database, issue a command as follows: ~]# certutil -L -d /etc/httpd/alias Certificate Nickname Trust Attributes SSL,S/MIME,JAR/XPI cacert CTu,Cu,Cu Server-Cert u,u,u alpha u,pu,u In the above command output, Server-Cert is the default NSSNickname. The -L option lists all the certificates, or displays information about a named certificate, in a certificate database. The -d option specifies the database directory containing the certificate and key database files. See the certutil(1) man page for more command line options. To configure mod_nss to use another database, edit the NSSCertificateDatabase line in the /etc/httpd/conf.d/nss.conf file. The default file has the following lines within the VirtualHost section. # Server Certificate Database: # The NSS security database directory that holds the certificates and # keys.

The database consists of 3 files: cert8.db, key3.db and secmod.db. # Provide the directory that these files exist. NSSCertificateDatabase /etc/httpd/alias In the above command output, alias is the default NSS database directory, /etc/httpd/alias/. The above command adds a CA certificate stored in a PEM-formatted file named certificate.pem. The -d option specifies the NSS database directory containing the certificate and key database files, the -n option sets a name for the certificate, -t CT,, means that the certificate is trusted to be used in TLS clients and servers. The -A option adds an existing certificate to a certificate database.

If the database does not exist it will be created. The -a option allows the use of ASCII format for input or output, and the -i option passes the certificate.pem input file to the command. To disable and enable specific versions of the SSL and TLS protocol, either do it globally by adding the NSSProtocol directive in the “ ## SSL Global Context” section of the configuration file and removing it everywhere else, or edit the default entry under “ # SSL Protocol” in all “ VirtualHost” sections. If you do not specify it in the per-domain VirtualHost section then it will inherit the settings from the global section.

To make sure that a protocol version is being disabled the administrator should either only specify NSSProtocol in the “ SSL Global Context” section, or specify it in all per-domain VirtualHost sections. As root, open the /etc/httpd/conf.d/nss.conf file and search for all instances of the NSSProtocol directive. By default, the configuration file contains one section that looks as follows: ~]# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/nss.conf # SSL Protocol: output omitted # Since all protocol ranges are completely inclusive, and no protocol in the # middle of a range may be excluded, the entry 'NSSProtocol SSLv3,TLSv1.1' # is identical to the entry 'NSSProtocol SSLv3,TLSv1.0,TLSv1.1'.

NSSProtocol TLSv1.0,TLSv1.1,TLSv1.2 This section is within the VirtualHost section. When preparing a configuration file for multiple installations using administration tools, it is useful to edit the firewall configuration file directly.

Note that any mistakes in the configuration file could have unexpected consequences, cause an error, and prevent the firewall settings from being applied. Therefore, check the /etc/sysconfig/system-config-firewall file thoroughly after editing.

To apply the settings in /etc/sysconfig/system-config-firewall, issue the following command as root: ~]# lokkit --update.